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NAME
Win32::OLE - OLE Automation extensions
SYNOPSIS
$ex = Win32::OLE->new('Excel.Application') or die "oops\n";
$ex->Amethod("arg")->Bmethod->{'Property'} = "foo";
$ex->Cmethod(undef,undef,$Arg3);
$ex->Dmethod($RequiredArg1, {NamedArg1 => $Value1, NamedArg2 => $Value2});
$wd = Win32::OLE->GetObject("D:\\Data\\Message.doc");
$xl = Win32::OLE->GetActiveObject("Excel.Application");
DESCRIPTION
This module provides an interface to OLE Automation from Perl. OLE
Automation brings VisualBasic like scripting capabilities and offers
powerful extensibility and the ability to control many Win32
applications from Perl scripts.
The Win32::OLE module uses the IDispatch interface exclusively. It is
not possible to access a custom OLE interface. OLE events and OCX's are
currently not supported.
Actually, that's no longer strictly true. This module now contains ALPHA
level support for OLE events. This is largely untested and the specific
interface might still change in the future.
Methods
Win32::OLE->new(PROGID[, DESTRUCTOR])
The new() class method starts a new instance of an OLE
Automation object. It returns a reference to this object or
"undef" if the creation failed.
The PROGID argument must be either the OLE *program id* or the
*class id* of the required application. The optional DESTRUCTOR
specifies a DESTROY-like method. This can be either a CODE
reference or a string containing an OLE method name. It can be
used to cleanly terminate OLE applications in case the Perl
program dies.
To create an object via DCOM on a remote server you can use an
array reference in place of PROGID. The referenced array must
contain the machine name and the *program id* or *class id*. For
example:
my $obj = Win32::OLE->new(['my.machine.com', 'Program.Id']);
If the PROGID is a *program id* then Win32::OLE will try to
resolve the corresponding *class id* locally. If the *program
id* is not registered locally then the remote registry is
queried. This will only succeed if the local process has read
access to the remote registry. The safest (and fastest) method
is to specify the "class id" directly.
Win32::OLE->EnumAllObjects([CALLBACK])
This class method returns the number Win32::OLE objects
currently in existance. It will call the optional CALLBACK
function for each of these objects:
$Count = Win32::OLE->EnumAllObjects(sub {
my $Object = shift;
my $Class = Win32::OLE->QueryObjectType($Object);
printf "# Object=%s Class=%s\n", $Object, $Class;
});
The EnumAllObjects() method is primarily a debugging tool. It
can be used e.g. in an END block to check if all external
connections have been properly destroyed.
Win32::OLE->FreeUnusedLibraries()
The FreeUnusedLibraries() class method unloads all unused OLE
resources. These are the libraries of those classes of which all
existing objects have been destroyed. The unloading of object
libraries is really only important for long running processes
that might instantiate a huge number of different objects over
time.
Be aware that objects implemented in Visual Basic have a buggy
implementation of this functionality: They pretend to be
unloadable while they are actually still running their cleanup
code. Unloading the DLL at that moment typically produces an
access violation. The probability for this problem can be
reduced by calling the SpinMessageLoop() method and sleep()ing
for a few seconds.
Win32::OLE->GetActiveObject(CLASS[, DESTRUCTOR])
The GetActiveObject() class method returns an OLE reference to a
running instance of the specified OLE automation server. It
returns "undef" if the server is not currently active. It will
croak if the class is not even registered. The optional
DESTRUCTOR method takes either a method name or a code
reference. It is executed when the last reference to this object
goes away. It is generally considered "impolite" to stop
applications that you did not start yourself.
Win32::OLE->GetObject(MONIKER[, DESTRUCTOR])
The GetObject() class method returns an OLE reference to the
specified object. The object is specified by a pathname
optionally followed by additional item subcomponent separated by
exclamation marks '!'. The optional DESTRUCTOR argument has the
same semantics as the DESTRUCTOR in new() or GetActiveObject().
Win32::OLE->Initialize([COINIT])
The Initialize() class method can be used to specify an
alternative apartment model for the Perl thread. It must be
called before the first OLE object is created. If the
"Win32::OLE::Const" module is used then the call to the
Initialize() method must be made from a BEGIN block before the
first "use" statement for the "Win32::OLE::Const" module.
Valid values for COINIT are:
Win32::OLE::COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED - single threaded
Win32::OLE::COINIT_MULTITHREADED - the default
Win32::OLE::COINIT_OLEINITIALIZE - single threaded, additional OLE stuff
COINIT_OLEINITIALIZE is sometimes needed when an OLE object uses
additional OLE compound document technologies not available from
the normal COM subsystem (for example MAPI.Session seems to
require it). Both COINIT_OLEINITIALIZE and
COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED create a hidden top level window and a
message queue for the Perl process. This may create problems
with other application, because Perl normally doesn't process
its message queue. This means programs using synchronous
communication between applications (such as DDE initiation), may
hang until Perl makes another OLE method call/property access or
terminates. This applies to InstallShield setups and many things
started to shell associations. Please try to utilize the
"Win32::OLE->SpinMessageLoop" and "Win32::OLE->Uninitialize"
methods if you can not use the default COINIT_MULTITHREADED
model.
OBJECT->Invoke(METHOD[, ARGS])
The Invoke() object method is an alternate way to invoke OLE
methods. It is normally equivalent to "$OBJECT-"METHOD(@ARGS)>.
This function must be used if the METHOD name contains
characters not valid in a Perl variable name (like foreign
language characters). It can also be used to invoke the default
method of an object even if the default method has not been
given a name in the type library. In this case use <undef> or ''
as the method name. To invoke an OLE objects native Invoke()
method (if such a thing exists), please use:
$Object->Invoke('Invoke', @Args);
Win32::OLE->LastError()
The LastError() class method returns the last recorded OLE
error. This is a dual value like the $! variable: in a numeric
context it returns the error number and in a string context it
returns the error message. The error number is a signed HRESULT
value. Please use the HRESULT(ERROR) function to convert an
unsigned hexadecimal constant to a signed HRESULT.
The last OLE error is automatically reset by a successful OLE
call. The numeric value can also explicitly be set by a call
(which will discard the string value):
Win32::OLE->LastError(0);
OBJECT->LetProperty(NAME,ARGS,VALUE)
In Win32::OLE property assignment using the hash syntax is
equivalent to the Visual Basic "Set" syntax (*by reference*
assignment):
$Object->{Property} = $OtherObject;
corresponds to this Visual Basic statement:
Set Object.Property = OtherObject
To get the *by value* treatment of the Visual Basic "Let"
statement
Object.Property = OtherObject
you have to use the LetProperty() object method in Perl:
$Object->LetProperty($Property, $OtherObject);
LetProperty() also supports optional arguments for the property
assignment. See OBJECT-SetProperty(NAME,ARGS,VALUE)> for
details.
Win32::OLE->MessageLoop()
The MessageLoop() class method will run a standard Windows
message loop, dispatching messages until the QuitMessageLoop()
class method is called. It is used to wait for OLE events.
Win32::OLE->Option(OPTION)
The Option() class method can be used to inspect and modify
"Module Options". The single argument form retrieves the value
of an option:
my $CP = Win32::OLE->Option('CP');
A single call can be used to set multiple options
simultaneously:
Win32::OLE->Option(CP => CP_ACP, Warn => 3);
Win32::OLE->QueryObjectType(OBJECT)
The QueryObjectType() class method returns a list of the type
library name and the objects class name. In a scalar context it
returns the class name only. It returns "undef" when the type
information is not available.
Win32::OLE->QuitMessageLoop()
The QuitMessageLoop() class method posts a (user-level) "Quit"
message to the current threads message loop. QuitMessageLoop()
is typically called from an event handler. The MessageLoop()
class method will return when it receives this "Quit" method.
OBJECT->SetProperty(NAME,ARGS,VALUE)
The SetProperty() method allows to modify properties with
arguments, which is not supported by the hash syntax. The hash
form
$Object->{Property} = $Value;
is equivalent to
$Object->SetProperty('Property', $Value);
Arguments must be specified between the property name and the
new value:
$Object->SetProperty('Property', @Args, $Value);
It is not possible to use "named argument" syntax with this
function because the new value must be the last argument to
SetProperty().
This method hides any native OLE object method called
SetProperty(). The native method will still be available through
the Invoke() method:
$Object->Invoke('SetProperty', @Args);
Win32::OLE->SpinMessageLoop
This class method retrieves all pending messages from the
message queue and dispatches them to their respective window
procedures. Calling this method is only necessary when not using
the COINIT_MULTITHREADED model. All OLE method calls and
property accesses automatically process the message queue.
Win32::OLE->Uninitialize
The Uninitialize() class method uninitializes the OLE subsystem.
It also destroys the hidden top level window created by OLE for
single threaded apartments. All OLE objects will become invalid
after this call! It is possible to call the Initialize() class
method again with a different apartment model after shutting
down OLE with Uninitialize().
Win32::OLE->WithEvents(OBJECT[, HANDLER[, INTERFACE]])
This class method enables and disables the firing of events by
the specified OBJECT. If no HANDLER is specified, then events
are disconnected. For some objects Win32::OLE is not able to
automatically determine the correct event interface. In this
case the INTERFACE argument must contain either the COCLASS name
of the OBJECT or the name of the event DISPATCH interface.
Please read the Events section below for detailed explanation of
the Win32::OLE event support.
Whenever Perl does not find a method name in the Win32::OLE package it
is automatically used as the name of an OLE method and this method call
is dispatched to the OLE server.
There is one special hack built into the module: If a method or property
name could not be resolved with the OLE object, then the default method
of the object is called with the method name as its first parameter. So
my $Sheet = $Worksheets->Table1;
or
my $Sheet = $Worksheets->{Table1};
is resolved as
my $Sheet = $Worksheet->Item('Table1');
provided that the $Worksheets object doesnot have a "Table1" method or
property. This hack has been introduced to call the default method of
collections which did not name the method in their type library. The
recommended way to call the "unnamed" default method is:
my $Sheet = $Worksheets->Invoke('', 'Table1');
This special hack is disabled under "use strict 'subs';".
Object methods and properties
The object returned by the new() method can be used to invoke methods or
retrieve properties in the same fashion as described in the
documentation for the particular OLE class (eg. Microsoft Excel
documentation describes the object hierarchy along with the properties
and methods exposed for OLE access).
Optional parameters on method calls can be omitted by using "undef" as a
placeholder. A better way is to use named arguments, as the order of
optional parameters may change in later versions of the OLE server
application. Named parameters can be specified in a reference to a hash
as the last parameter to a method call.
Properties can be retrieved or set using hash syntax, while methods can
be invoked with the usual perl method call syntax. The "keys" and "each"
functions can be used to enumerate an object's properties. Beware that a
property is not always writable or even readable (sometimes raising
exceptions when read while being undefined).
If a method or property returns an embedded OLE object, method and
property access can be chained as shown in the examples below.
Functions
The following functions are not exported by default.
HRESULT(ERROR)
The HRESULT() function converts an unsigned number into a signed
HRESULT error value as used by OLE internally. This is necessary
because Perl treats all hexadecimal constants as unsigned. To
check if the last OLE function returned "Member not found"
(0x80020003) you can write:
if (Win32::OLE->LastError == HRESULT(0x80020003)) {
# your error recovery here
}
in(COLLECTION)
If COLLECTION is an OLE collection object then "in $COLLECTION"
returns a list of all members of the collection. This is a
shortcut for "Win32::OLE::Enum-"All($COLLECTION)>. It is most
commonly used in a "foreach" loop:
foreach my $value (in $collection) {
# do something with $value here
}
valof(OBJECT)
Normal assignment of Perl OLE objects creates just another
reference to the OLE object. The valof() function explictly
dereferences the object (through the default method) and returns
the value of the object.
my $RefOf = $Object;
my $ValOf = valof $Object;
$Object->{Value} = $NewValue;
Now $ValOf still contains the old value wheras $RefOf would
resolve to the $NewValue because it is still a reference to
$Object.
The valof() function can also be used to convert
Win32::OLE::Variant objects to Perl values.
with(OBJECT, PROPERTYNAME => VALUE, ...)
This function provides a concise way to set the values of
multiple properties of an object. It iterates over its arguments
doing "$OBJECT-"{PROPERTYNAME} = $VALUE> on each trailing pair.
Overloading
The Win32::OLE objects can be overloaded to automatically convert to
their values whenever they are used in a bool, numeric or string
context. This is not enabled by default. You have to request it through
the OVERLOAD pseudoexport:
use Win32::OLE qw(in valof with OVERLOAD);
You can still get the original string representation of an object
("Win32::OLE=0xDEADBEEF"), e.g. for debugging, by using the
"overload::StrVal()" method:
print overload::StrVal($object), "\n";
Please note that "OVERLOAD" is a global setting. If any module enables
Win32::OLE overloading then it's active everywhere.
Events
The Win32::OLE module now contains ALPHA level event support. This
support is only available when Perl is running in a single threaded
apartment. This can most easily be assured by using the "EVENTS"
pseudo-import:
use Win32::OLE qw(EVENTS);
which implicitly does something like:
use Win32::OLE;
Win32::OLE->Initialize(Win32::OLE::COINIT_OLEINITIALIZE);
The current interface to OLE events should be considered experimental
and is subject to change. It works as expected for normal OLE
applications, but OLE control events often don't seem to work yet.
Events must be enabled explicitly for an OLE object through the
Win32::OLE->WithEvents() class method. The Win32::OLE module uses the
IProvideClassInfo2 interface to determine the default event source of
the object. If this interface is not supported, then the user must
specify the name of the event source explicitly in the WithEvents()
method call. It is also possible to specify the class name of the object
as the third parameter. In this case Win32::OLE will try to look up the
default source interface for this COCLASS.
The HANDLER argument to Win32::OLE->WithEvents() can either be a CODE
reference or a package name. In the first case, all events will invoke
this particular function. The first two arguments to this function will
be the OBJECT itself and the name of the event. The remaining arguments
will be event specific.
sub Event {
my ($Obj,$Event,@Args) = @_;
print "Event triggered: '$Event'\n";
}
Win32::OLE->WithEvents($Obj, \&Event);
Alternatively the HANDLER argument can specify a package name. When the
OBJECT fires an event, Win32::OLE will try to find a function of the
same name as the event in this package. This function will be called
with the OBJECT as the first argument followed again by the event
specific parameters:
package MyEvents;
sub EventName1 {
my ($Obj,@Args) = @_;
print "EventName1 event triggered\n";
}
package main;
Win32::OLE->WithEvents($Obj, 'MyEvents', 'IEventInterface');
If Win32::OLE doesn't find a function with the name of the event then
nothing happens.
Event parameters passed *by reference* are handled specially. They are
not converted to the corresponding Perl datatype but passed as
Win32::OLE::Variant objects. You can assign a new value to these objects
with the help of the Put() method. This value will be passed back to the
object when the event function returns:
package MyEvents;
sub BeforeClose {
my ($self,$Cancel) = @_;
$Cancel->Put(1) unless $MayClose;
}
Direct assignment to $Cancel would have no effect on the original value
and would therefore not command the object to abort the closing action.
Module Options
The following module options can be accessed and modified with the
"Win32::OLE-"Option> class method. In earlier versions of the Win32::OLE
module these options were manipulated directly as class variables. This
practice is now deprecated.
CP This variable is used to determine the codepage used by all
translations between Perl strings and Unicode strings used by
the OLE interface. The default value is CP_ACP, which is the
default ANSI codepage. Other possible values are CP_OEMCP,
CP_MACCP, CP_UTF7 and CP_UTF8. These constants are not exported
by default.
LCID This variable controls the locale idnetifier used for all OLE
calls. It is set to LOCALE_NEUTRAL by default. Please check the
Win32::OLE::NLS module for other locale related information.
Variant This options controls how method calls and property accessors
return values of type VT_CY and VT_DECIMAL are being returned.
By default VT_CY values are turned into strings and VT_DECIMAL
values into floating point numbers. If the "Variant" option is
enabled, these values are returned as Win32::OLE::Variant
objects, just like VT_DATE and VT_ERROR values. If the
Win32::OLE::Variant module is also loaded, then all values
should still behave as before in string and in numeric context.
The only reason that the "Variant" behavior is not the default
is that this is an incompatible change that might break existing
programs.
Warn This variable determines the behavior of the Win32::OLE module
when an error happens. Valid values are:
0 Ignore error, return undef
1 Carp::carp if $^W is set (-w option)
2 always Carp::carp
3 Carp::croak
The error number and message (without Carp line/module info) are
available through the "Win32::OLE-"LastError> class method.
Alternatively the Warn option can be set to a CODE reference.
E.g.
Win32::OLE->Option(Warn => 3);
is equivalent to
Win32::OLE->Option(Warn => \&Carp::croak);
This can even be used to emulate the VisualBasic "On Error Goto
Label" construct:
Win32::OLE->Option(Warn => sub {goto CheckError});
# ... your normal OLE code here ...
CheckError:
# ... your error handling code here ...
_NewEnum
This option enables additional enumeration support for
collection objects. When the "_NewEnum" option is set, all
collections will receive one additional property: "_NewEnum".
The value of this property will be a reference to an array
containing all the elements of the collection. This option can
be useful when used in conjunction with an automatic tree
traversal program, like "Data::Dumper" or an object tree
browser. The value of this option should be either 1 (enabled)
or 0 (disabled, default).
Win32::OLE->Option(_NewEnum => 1);
# ...
my @sheets = @{$Excel->Worksheets->{_NewEnum}};
In normal application code, this would be better written as:
use Win32::OLE qw(in);
# ...
my @sheets = in $Excel->Worksheets;
_Unique The "_Unique" options guarantees that Win32::OLE will maintain a
one-to-one mapping between Win32::OLE objects and the native
COM/OLE objects. Without this option, you can query the same
property twice and get two different Win32::OLE objects for the
same underlying COM object.
Using a unique proxy makes life easier for tree traversal
algorithms to recognize they already visited a particular node.
This option comes at a price: Win32::OLE has to maintain a
global hash of all outstanding objects and their corresponding
proxies. Identity checks on COM objects can also be expensive if
the objects reside out-of-process or even on a different
computer. Therefore this option is off by default unless the
program is being run in the debugger.
Unfortunately, this option doesn't always help. Some programs
will return new COM objects for even the same property when
asked for it multiple times (especially for collections). In
this case, there is nothing Win32::OLE can do to detect that
these objects are in fact identical (because they aren't at the
COM level).
The "_Unique" option can be set to either 1 (enabled) or 0
(disabled, default).
EXAMPLES
Here is a simple Microsoft Excel application.
use Win32::OLE;
# use existing instance if Excel is already running
eval {$ex = Win32::OLE->GetActiveObject('Excel.Application')};
die "Excel not installed" if $@;
unless (defined $ex) {
$ex = Win32::OLE->new('Excel.Application', sub {$_[0]->Quit;})
or die "Oops, cannot start Excel";
}
# get a new workbook
$book = $ex->Workbooks->Add;
# write to a particular cell
$sheet = $book->Worksheets(1);
$sheet->Cells(1,1)->{Value} = "foo";
# write a 2 rows by 3 columns range
$sheet->Range("A8:C9")->{Value} = [[ undef, 'Xyzzy', 'Plugh' ],
[ 42, 'Perl', 3.1415 ]];
# print "XyzzyPerl"
$array = $sheet->Range("A8:C9")->{Value};
for (@$array) {
for (@$_) {
print defined($_) ? "$_|" : "<undef>|";
}
print "\n";
}
# save and exit
$book->SaveAs( 'test.xls' );
undef $book;
undef $ex;
Please note the destructor specified on the Win32::OLE->new method. It
ensures that Excel will shutdown properly even if the Perl program dies.
Otherwise there could be a process leak if your application dies after
having opened an OLE instance of Excel. It is the responsibility of the
module user to make sure that all OLE objects are cleaned up properly!
Here is an example of using Variant data types.
use Win32::OLE;
use Win32::OLE::Variant;
$ex = Win32::OLE->new('Excel.Application', \&OleQuit) or die "oops\n";
$ex->{Visible} = 1;
$ex->Workbooks->Add;
# should generate a warning under -w
$ovR8 = Variant(VT_R8, "3 is a good number");
$ex->Range("A1")->{Value} = $ovR8;
$ex->Range("A2")->{Value} = Variant(VT_DATE, 'Jan 1,1970');
sub OleQuit {
my $self = shift;
$self->Quit;
}
The above will put value "3" in cell A1 rather than the string "3 is a
good number". Cell A2 will contain the date.
Similarly, to invoke a method with some binary data, you can do the
following:
$obj->Method( Variant(VT_UI1, "foo\000b\001a\002r") );
Here is a wrapper class that basically delegates everything but new()
and DESTROY(). The wrapper class shown here is another way to properly
shut down connections if your application is liable to die without
proper cleanup. Your own wrappers will probably do something more
specific to the particular OLE object you may be dealing with, like
overriding the methods that you may wish to enhance with your own.
package Excel;
use Win32::OLE;
sub new {
my $s = {};
if ($s->{Ex} = Win32::OLE->new('Excel.Application')) {
return bless $s, shift;
}
return undef;
}
sub DESTROY {
my $s = shift;
if (exists $s->{Ex}) {
print "# closing connection\n";
$s->{Ex}->Quit;
return undef;
}
}
sub AUTOLOAD {
my $s = shift;
$AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*:://;
$s->{Ex}->$AUTOLOAD(@_);
}
1;
The above module can be used just like Win32::OLE, except that it takes
care of closing connections in case of abnormal exits. Note that the
effect of this specific example can be easier accomplished using the
optional destructor argument of Win32::OLE::new:
my $Excel = Win32::OLE->new('Excel.Application', sub {$_[0]->Quit;});
Note that the delegation shown in the earlier example is not the same as
true subclassing with respect to further inheritance of method calls in
your specialized object. See perlobj, perltoot and perlbot for details.
True subclassing (available by setting @ISA) is also feasible, as the
following example demonstrates:
#
# Add error reporting to Win32::OLE
#
package Win32::OLE::Strict;
use Carp;
use Win32::OLE;
use strict qw(vars);
use vars qw($AUTOLOAD @ISA);
@ISA = qw(Win32::OLE);
sub AUTOLOAD {
my $obj = shift;
$AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*:://;
my $meth = $AUTOLOAD;
$AUTOLOAD = "SUPER::" . $AUTOLOAD;
my $retval = $obj->$AUTOLOAD(@_);
unless (defined($retval) || $AUTOLOAD eq 'DESTROY') {
my $err = Win32::OLE::LastError();
croak(sprintf("$meth returned OLE error 0x%08x",$err))
if $err;
}
return $retval;
}
1;
This package inherits the constructor new() from the Win32::OLE package.
It is important to note that you cannot later rebless a Win32::OLE
object as some information about the package is cached by the object.
Always invoke the new() constructor through the right package!
Here's how the above class will be used:
use Win32::OLE::Strict;
my $Excel = Win32::OLE::Strict->new('Excel.Application', 'Quit');
my $Books = $Excel->Workbooks;
$Books->UnknownMethod(42);
In the sample above the call to UnknownMethod() will be caught with
UnknownMethod returned OLE error 0x80020009 at test.pl line 5
because the Workbooks object inherits the class "Win32::OLE::Strict"
from the $Excel object.
NOTES
Hints for Microsoft Office automation
Documentation
The object model for the Office applications is defined in the
Visual Basic reference guides for the various applications.
These are typically not installed by default during the standard
installation. They can be added later by rerunning the setup
program with the custom install option.
Class, Method and Property names
The names have been changed between different versions of
Office. For example "Application" was a method in Office 95 and
is a property in Office97. Therefore it will not show up in the
list of property names "keys %$object" when querying an Office
95 object.
The class names are not always identical to the method/property
names producing the object. E.g. the "Workbook" method returns
an object of type "Workbook" in Office 95 and "_Workbook" in
Office 97.
Moniker (GetObject support)
Office applications seem to implement file monikers only. For
example it seems to be impossible to retrieve a specific
worksheet object through "GetObject("File.XLS!Sheet")".
Furthermore, in Excel 95 the moniker starts a Worksheet object
and in Excel 97 it returns a Workbook object. You can use either
the Win32::OLE::QueryObjectType class method or the
$object->{Version} property to write portable code.
Enumeration of collection objects
Enumerations seem to be incompletely implemented. Office 95
application don't seem to support neither the Reset() nor the
Clone() methods. The Clone() method is still unimplemented in
Office 97. A single walk through the collection similar to
Visual Basics "for each" construct does work however.
Localization
Starting with Office 97 Microsoft has changed the localized
class, method and property names back into English. Note that
string, date and currency arguments are still subject to locale
specific interpretation. Perl uses the system default locale for
all OLE transaction whereas Visual Basic uses a type library
specific locale. A Visual Basic script would use "R1C1" in
string arguments to specify relative references. A Perl script
running on a German language Windows would have to use "Z1S1".
Set the LCID module option to an English locale to write
portable scripts. This variable should not be changed after
creating the OLE objects; some methods seem to randomly fail if
the locale is changed on the fly.
SaveAs method in Word 97 doesn't work
This is an known bug in Word 97. Search the MS knowledge base
for Word / Foxpro incompatibility. That problem applies to the
Perl OLE interface as well. A workaround is to use the WordBasic
compatibility object. It doesn't support all the options of the
native method though.
$Word->WordBasic->FileSaveAs($file);
The problem seems to be fixed by applying the Office 97 Service
Release 1.
Randomly failing method calls
It seems like modifying objects that are not selected/activated
is sometimes fragile. Most of these problems go away if the
chart/sheet/document is selected or activated before being
manipulated (just like an interactive user would automatically
do it).
Incompatibilities
There are some incompatibilities with the version distributed by
Activeware (as of build 306).
1 The package name has changed from "OLE" to "Win32::OLE".
2 All functions of the form "Win32::OLEFoo" are now
"Win32::OLE::Foo", though the old names are temporarily
accomodated. Win32::OLECreateObject() was changed to
Win32::OLE::CreateObject(), and is now called Win32::OLE::new()
bowing to established convention for naming constructors. The
old names should be considered deprecated, and will be removed
in the next version.
3 Package "OLE::Variant" is now "Win32::OLE::Variant".
4 The Variant function is new, and is exported by default. So are
all the VT_XXX type constants.
5 The support for collection objects has been moved into the
package Win32::OLE::Enum. The "keys %$object" method is now used
to enumerate the properties of the object.
Bugs and Limitations
* To invoke a native OLE method with the same name as one of the
Win32::OLE methods ("Dispatch", "Invoke", "SetProperty",
"DESTROY", etc.), you have to use the "Invoke" method:
$Object->Invoke('Dispatch', @AdditionalArgs);
The same is true for names exported by the Exporter or the
Dynaloader modules, e.g.: "export", "export_to_level", "import",
"_push_tags", "export_tags", "export_ok_tags", "export_fail",
"require_version", "dl_load_flags", "croak", "bootstrap",
"dl_findfile", "dl_expandspec", "dl_find_symbol_anywhere",
"dl_load_file", "dl_find_symbol", "dl_undef_symbols",
"dl_install_xsub" and "dl_error".
SEE ALSO
The documentation for Win32::OLE::Const, Win32::OLE::Enum,
Win32::OLE::NLS and Win32::OLE::Variant contains additional information
about OLE support for Perl on Win32.
AUTHORS
Originally put together by the kind people at Hip and Activeware.
Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com> subsequently fixed several major
bugs, memory leaks, and reliability problems, along with some redesign
of the code.
Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com> pitched in with yet more massive
redesign, added support for named parameters, and other significant
enhancements. He's been hacking on it ever since.
Please send questions about problems with this module to the
Perl-Win32-Users mailinglist at ActiveState.com. The mailinglist charter
requests that you put an [OLE] tag somewhere on the subject line (for
OLE related questions only, of course).
COPYRIGHT
(c) 1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Developed by ActiveWare Internet Corp., now known as
ActiveState Tool Corp., http://www.ActiveState.com
Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997-2000 by Gurusamy Sarathy
<gsar@activestate.com> and Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>
You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
VERSION
Version 0.1701 28 August 2003
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